Shock

Dukakis and Tye, Larry. Shock: The Healing Power of Electroconvulsive Therapy. New York: Penguin 2007. Print.

First Sentences:

 

There is no treatment in psychiatry more frightening than electroconvulsive therapy. It works like this: Two electrodes are strapped to the patient's skull. The doctor presses a button that unleashes a burst of electricity powerful enough to set off an epileptic-like convulsion. The sheer strength of the seizure shocks the brain back into balance.

 

There also is no treatment in psychiatry more effective than ECT. 

Description:

 

Wow! Those are some mighty strong, challenging first few sentences which launch into Kitty Dukakis' (with Larry Tye) memoir of her depression, addictions, and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) treatment. Her book is Shock: The Healing Power of Electroconvulsive Therapy. And in a world where I, along with probably many other people, only have knowledge of ECT (commonly referred to as "Electroshock") from films like The Snakepit, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and A Beautiful Mind, I felt it would be interesting to learn the facts behind this seemingly scary procedure and the patients who receive it. 

 

In those films, ECT is often used as a punishment rather than as a real treatment, nefariously meant to be administered to a recalcitrant patient. Results were portrayed as similar to a lobotomy, making patients passive, submissive, and quiet.

It was the medical madness of an earlier era, a remedy forever equated with thrashing limbs and obliterated memories. Now, at the same Harvard teaching hospital where Kitty Dukakis gets her treatment, twenty patients a week volunteer for shock therapy....Today [2007] the number of Americans getting ECT each year is almost 100,000 and growing.

The reality presented by Dukakis' spellbinding recollections of her personal ECT experience helps readers understand that this treatment can be highly beneficial for a great number of patients suffering from depression, suicidal thoughts, and addictions. Shock presents Dukakis' honest, often powerful recollections of her decades-long journeys into addiction (diet pills and later alcohol), overwhelming depression, and suicidal thoughts, as well as her experiences with various psychologists and prescribed medications. 

 

Dukakis first became addicted to diet pills when she was very young to achieve her mother's image of a slimmer daughter. She also received a tremendous energy boost from these daily tablets. Later, as she tried to kick that addiction, she began to rely on alcohol to blot out her overwhelming depression about her appearance. 

She soon lacked any of her former commitment to social programs, volunteering, and even family, remaining in bed for days, and was regularly found passed out in her vomit. As a governor's wife, she realized she was a danger to her politician husband, Michael's, campaign for president, but was helpless to overcome her mental illness.

[In 1988] I stopped showing up at my office. I spent all day at our duplex....I got up in the morning, waited for Michael to leave, then canceled all my appointments. I headed straight to the liquor cabinet in the dining room, carried the bottle into the kitchen, poured out three or four ounces of spirits, and gulped it down. Then I grabbed a newspaper or magazine, went upstairs, drew the blinds, unplugged the phone, and read for the ten minutes it took me to pass out. When I got up two hours later, I did it all again. 

When ECT was suggested to her as a last resort, she naturally was hesitant. But after undergoing her first treatment on her 38th wedding anniversary, she immediately felt lighter, less stressed, and with enough energy to go home that same day. She continued the normal series of five ECT treatments spread over the next weeks, finding she was much improved mentally for about eight months. After that time, she then began a new series. This became her regular pattern over the rest of her life.

 

There is one predictable drawback faced by Dukakis and other ECT patients: memory loss. Sometimes it is only portions of minor memories that are lost only for a few weeks. But for other patients, the loss might be of more important events and permanent. Dukakis completely forgot a romantic trip she took with husband Michael to Paris. Re-enacting that vacation, even staying in the same hotel and eating at the same restaurants, did not jog a hint of the old memory.

 

But that same memory loss side effect also included forgetting about those areas that troubled her into depression. She no longer could remember why she was insecure about her image and personality, could not conceive of the causes of her depression, nor remember her flawed behavior when under the influence of diet pills and alcohol.    

Co-author Tye, in alternate chapters, delves deeply into the historical background of these mental illnesses and ECT treatment, including its discovery and testing in 1938 (which first included putting patients into a medical coma). Tye interviews  doctors, psychiatric hospital staff, and patients themselves, presenting a well-rounded picture of individuals and research involved with these paralyzing and all-encompassing mental illnesses, as well as the changes brought about by ECT. He also examines the extreme backlash from many doctors, teaching hospitals, and public organizations who vocally denounce and actively work against the benefits of ECT.

 

Of course, as published in 2007, the medical treatments and advances in ECT presented in Shock make some data, both for and against ECT, possibly dated. But regardless, the confessions of Dukakis and others, her struggles, and her triumphs over crippling mental illness cannot be discounted.

 

I was swept away by her candid narration as well as Tye's medical and personal interview and research to provide a more clear picture of ECT and its affect, good and bad, on its patients. There were fascinating facts and personal assessments of this treatment on every page. 

I know it sounds strange to go on and on about this controversial treatment. But Dukakis' book is a must read for anyone interested in depression, addictions, psychiatric treatments, and impacts of individuals suffering from mental illness.

How one of the most reviled psychiatric procedures is fast becoming one of its mainstays is an astounding yet untold chapter of American medical history. 

 

[If this book interests you, be sure to check out:] 

  

Mukherjee, Siddhartha. The Emperor of All Maladies  

In-depth research into the medical history and current status of all forms of cancer, treatments, and patients. Fascinating.

Happy reading.

Fred

 

Click here to browse over 475 more book recommendations by subject or title

(and read the introduction to The First Sentence Reader).

 

 

Tracks

Davidson, Robyn. Tracks: A Woman's Solo Trek Across 1,700 Miles of Australian Outback. New York: Vintage. 1980. Print.

First Sentences:

 

I arrived in the Alice at five a.m. with a dog, six dollars and a small suitcase full of inappropriate clothes....A freezing wind whipped grit down the platform and I stood shivering, holding warm dog flesh, and wondering what foolishness had brought me to this eerie, empty training station in the centre of nowhere. 

Description:

With personal challenge and survival memoirs, I always try to imagine whether I could achieve what the author accomplished. Almost always the answer is a resounding "No, not in my wildest dreams." That is even more obvious while reading Robyn Davidson's magnificent journey, Tracks: A Woman's Solo Trek Across 1,700 Miles of Australian Outback.

 

Davidson is just an ordinary Australian-born young woman with no special skills or ambitions...except for a persistent desire to walk across the Australian outback desert, alone, with only camels and her dog as her companions. Yes, that's right. She will walk on foot, not ride the camels, for 1,700 miles, making her "lunatic idea" (her words) even more impossible-sounding.

 

So she takes a train from her home in Queensland to the bleak outback town of Alice Springs, where men are men and women stay home. There she hoped for the first time to actually even see a camel and then learn how to manage them by herself. 

 

She began to work for a domineering man who captured and tamed wild, feral camels that roam the outback. Taking on the lowest position on his ranch, she agreed to work for free in exchange for camel-training experiences and, at the end of eight months, be given three of his camels for her expedition. Not all goes according to this plan, however.

 

Eventually, off she goes, with her two camels, following old desert roads, trails, and open terrain from one feeding spot to another, hoping local information about watering holes is correct and the rumored tiny settlements are still active and places where she can get rest and advice along the way.

I knew [people] all had that sinking feeling that they would never see me alive again, and I had the sinking certainty that I would have to send messages from Redbank Gorge the same day, saying, "Sorry, muffed it on the first seventeen miles, please collect." 

Along with her faithful dog, Diggity, and occasionally a photographer from National Geographic magazine, the source of her funding and eventual article, she slowly walks, gaining rhythm, confidence, and power in her aloneness. Wild, unpredictable camels, numerous hardships, and the vast desert all around her. What could possibly go wrong?

We were breaking camp at four in the morning, walking until ten, resting in the shade until four, then continuing until eight at night....Living on one's nerves and expecting every moment to produce a horrendous catastrophe is one thing -- doing it in 130-degree heat is quite another. Hell must be something like that. 

Along the trek, she encounters wild camels ("If you see one, shoot it first -- immediately" is the advice given her), snakes, dried up water holes, abandoned villages, as well as friendly, generous people and moonlit skies that kept her dream alive.

 

I really enjoyed reading her clear, honest prose as she recounts adventure after challenge, or just the boredom of putting one foot in front of the other mile after mile. It is a powerful, yet simple read, one that should be enjoyable to anyone seeking an insight into the beauties and threats of the Australian Outback desert, and the perseverance of one woman who tries to live in it.

It struck me then that the most difficult thing had been the decision to act, the rest had been merely tenacity....One really could do anything one had decided to do whether it were changing a job, moving to a new place, divorcing a husband or whatever, one really could act to change and control one's life; and the procedure, the process, was its own reward.

[If this book interests you, be sure to check out:] 

  

Harris, Kate. Lands of Lost Borders.   

One woman's quest to trace the route of Marco Polo through China, Tibet, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, India, and other countries...by bicycle. Wonderful descriptions of her journey, the land, and the few people she encounters in the vast, mostly unsettled mountains of Asia. (Previously reviewed here.)

Happy reading.

Fred

 

Click here to browse over 475 more book recommendations by subject or title

(and read the introduction to The First Sentence Reader).

 

Open Tennis

Evans, Richard. Open Tennis: The First Twenty Years, the Players, the Politics, the Pressures, the Passions, and the Great Matches. New York: Bloomsbury 1988. Print.

First Sentences:

 

His [Pancho Gonzales'] favourite exercise now is to stand on the back porch of his Las Vegas home and drive golf balls out into the Nevada desert. Then he strides out amongst the scrub and cacti and picks them up.

Description:

Having just watched Richard Evans be inducted into the Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in 2024, I was intrigued to look into his most famous of his twenty-three books, Open Tennis: The First Twenty Years, the Players, the Politics, the Pressures, the Passions, and the Great Matches. Evans, a longtime writer of tennis articles who covered over 200 grand slam events, dozens of Davis Cup Challenges, and countless tournaments, is a brilliant observer and interviewer of tennis players, agents, administrators, investors, sponsors, and anyone else who existed in the developing world of open tennis during the 1960-1980s and decades later.

 

Evans started off as a newly-hired sports reporter in 1960 for London's The Evening Standard. As the youngest newcomer, he was assigned to cover Althea Gibson, the first black woman to win Wimbledon. 

Watching her play and even attending the champions' dinner as her escort hooked Evans on the sport. He began his long journalistic career covering tennis, eventually becoming the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Press Officer and later European Director, and therefore privy to an insider's look into the game which he narrates to us lucky readers in Open Tennis.

I was their age, so I had this huge advantage of being able to travel with a group of players.…There were no coaches, no managers, no agents, no wives or girlfriends, except for the odd occasion, traveling the world,” Evans said. “You can imagine the Aussies knew how to travel the world. They knew how to enjoy themselves on court, very competitive, and off court less competitive.

Prior to the Open Era, tennis tournaments, especially the Grand Slams, were reserved for players who were "unpaid" amateurs only. To survive, amateur players took appearance money under the table from sponsors and tournament directors. 

Some superstar players like Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Pancho Gonzales, Lew Hoad, and Bobbie Riggs joined Jack Kramer's new pro tour to make any sort of money. Other pro tours, especially the WCT created by Lamar Hunt, soon emerged, and drew paying fans, luring Arthur Ashe, Charles Pasarell, and Stan Smith away from the amateur events. 

But the majority of players opted to remain amateurs to protect their eligibility to enter the more prestigious Grand Slam tournaments and other tour events, even if those tournaments did not include all the world's best players. 

 

But in 1968, Wimbledon announced it would include all the top players, pro and amateur, in its draw. Evans was there to cover the angst this opening of tennis caused among the tournament directors, international tennis administrative associations, and purist fans who felt their heroes should only play for the love of the game (despite their public "secret" that these heroes were accepting appearance money). 

But when ATP pro and amateur players alike began boycotting tournaments that did not allow professionals to play, tournament directors and governing bodies reluctantly gave in and the Open Era, where amateurs and professionals alike could compete on the same court, was born.

 

Evans describes highlights of this era in wonderful, gripping detail. The rise of the professional women's tour with Gladys Heldman and Billie-Jean King, the great matches of Gonzales-Pasarell, Laver-Rosewall, Borg-McEnroe, Ashe-Connors, and Evert-Navratilova. There are chapters on the behind-the-scenes negotiations between tennis governing bodies and players (with Evans as reporter), the unusual World Team Tennis tour, and Davis Cup matches. There is even a chapter on "Sex and the Single Player" detailing the demands on players and their behavior on the tour at a time where few had coaches, much less the entourages of today with girlfriends, managers, trainers, publicity agents, and friends to support them.

 

I will not attempt to explain the various organizations (ATP, WCT, WTT, ILTF, USLTA) covered in Open Tennis, or major movers and shakers of this era (Kramer, Dell, Heyman, Drysdale, Tinling, Heldman, Hunt). But Evans, in his genius manner of making readers feel present at important meetings, introduces these key players and governing bodies, relating the influence each has on tennis, both positive and negative. 

He explains the current ATP point system where each player receives a per-determined number of points for his/her record at a tournament, with point tallies used to determine rankings, future seedings, and entry into the end of the year championship tournament. For the first time, I understand the bones of the tennis organization, the major people, and the events leading to the creation of the today's Open Era game.

While everyone in not the tennis enthusiast that I am, this book is an important history of a worldwide game as it moved into the modern era, told by one man who was there to see it happen and be in close contact with the figures who encouraged or blocked this progress. 

Open Tennis will help readers understand what previous as well as current players have to deal with every day to even play in tournaments, compete at the highest level, and possibly win or gain enough points to improve their ranking, future seeding, and therefore potential prize money.

 

It is a strong book, written with attention to detail, impartiality, and a genuine love of the game and its players. Read it, skim it, or just dip into portions that interest you. But if you enjoy watching/playing/understanding tennis, this is the definitely book for you.

 

[If this book interests you, be sure to check out:] 

  

McPhee, John. Levels of the Game.   

Simply the best description of two men, Arthur Ashe and Clark Graebner, as they play a grueling match in the 1968 US Open. Breathtaking shot-by-shot examination of the thoughts, emotions, and strokes, along with the resulting triumphs and failures of each play throughout the match. In one word: Riveting.

Happy reading.

Fred

 

Click here to browse over 465 more book recommendations by subject or title

(and read the introduction to The First Sentence Reader).

 

The World's Fastest Man

Kranish, Michael. The World's Fastest Man: The Extraordinary Life of Cyclist Major Taylor, America's First Black Sports Hero New York: Simon and Schuster 2019. Print.

First Sentences:

 

On the clear, brisk Saturday afternoon of December 5, 1896, an unusual pair of men strode to New York City's Madison Square Garden, where thousands would soon assemble for one of the era's greatest sporting events.

Description:

On a bike path near my house is a plaque detailing the life and sports achievements of Marshall "Major" Taylor, a Black bicycle racer in the 1890s - early 1900s era. I had never heard of him and, after reading some of the details of his achievements, just had to explore the story behind this man. This quest led me to Michael Kranish's The World's Fastest Man: The Extraordinary Life of Cyclist Major Taylor, America's First Black Sports Hero,

Just to set the scene for you. Imagine for a moment the world of the 1880s: no radio, no television, no automobiles, no airplanes, not even everyday bicycles. The Penny-Farthing bike had just been introduced, the one with a gigantic front wheel and a tiny wheel in the back. There were extremely popular as the fastest form of transportation available. Women were allowed to ride them in public as well.

This was also the age of the US Supreme Court's Plessy vs. Fergeson decision, the "separate but equal" discrimination case that would usher in the Jim Crow attitude and laws of prejudice and ill-treatment of minorities nationwide.

Marshall Taylor at that time was a poor Black child growing up in Indianopolis. His father had secured a job as a carriage driver for a wealthy White family, and Marshall accompanied him because the family had a similarly-age boy in need of a playmate. 

Taylor became part of that family, receiving the environment, food, education, and gifts exactly as his rich friend received. One gift was a new bicycle which Taylor soon mastered, perfecting trick-riding as well.

It was Mark Twain who, after describing his many crashes as he learned to ride a high-wheeler, wrote: "Get a bicycle. You will not regret it, if you live."

Taylor secured a position at a local bicycle shop. Hundreds of these design/sales/repair shophad sprung up across the country, including the Wright brothers who started designing bicycles abd later flying machines in their own shop. While performing tricks at the shop to attract customers, decked out in a military-style jacket, Taylor received the nickname "Marshall."

There, Taylor was noticed by a world champion professional rider, Louis de Franklin "Birdie" Munger, once the fastest bicyclist in the world. Munger, near the end of his competition days, took Taylor under his wing and introduced him to Munger's own experimental bicycle with equal-sized, inflatable tires. 

Munger trained Taylor and entered him in his first race at age 18, much to the surprise of Taylor who did not know he would be competing that day. Incredibly, Taylor won and his career as a competitive bicylist began.

These are just the first few pages of this incredible story of Taylor, a poverty-stricken Black youth who, at the turn of the century and duting the birth and mania for bicycles, competed and won sprint (1/2 - 1 miles) races all over the country and world to attract the attention and paying spectators to his competitions. 

Of course, he experienced jealous riders, bigotry, and the pitfalls of travel and riches. Taylor devoted himself to new physical fitness and weight training exercises, and embraced a highly restricted diet, training techniques unknown in that era. On top of everything else, he promised his church deacons he would never race on Sundays. He even had to overcome his frequent failure to properly count his laps, often pulling up thinking he had won the race when he still had a lap or two to go, and had to sprint to catch up to the field and win.

Taylor's competitors made him a marked man, cutting him off, trying to knock over his bike, hoping to make him crash at full speed. Taylor soon realized that every time he went on the track his life was endangered.

But what a story author Kranish presents us, full of hope, frustration, inspiration, danger, and challenges of bicycle racing in those days, along with a well-researched description of society, the evolution of bicycles, and the eventual entrance of the automobile. 

Journey back in time to follow one forgotten man's rise to international fame on a two-wheeled contraption. It is well worth your time.

 

[If this book interests you, be sure to check out:] 

  

Krabb, Tim. The Rider  

Fascinating modern memoir of an Irish bicycle racer who carefully details his thoughts, strategies, competitor evaluation, and dreams throughout several arduous races. (Soon to be reviewed.)

Happy reading.

Fred

 

Click here to browse over 470 more book recommendations by subject or title

(and read the introduction to The First Sentence Reader).

 

The Library

Kells, Stuart. The Library: A Catalog of Wonders. Berkeley, CA : Counterpoint 2017. Print.

First Sentences:

If a library can be something as simple as an organized collection of texts, then libraries massively pre-date books in the history of culture. Every country has a tradition of legends, parables, riddles, myths and chants that existed long before they were written down. Warehoused as memories, these texts passed from generation to generation through dance, gestures, and word of mouth.


Description:

Many of you know me as someone who loves books about books, whether book reviews, authors, libraries, collectors, dictionaries, reading, even book theft. Yes, I'm all in on anything about pages and their words. 

So when I picked up Stuart Kells The Library: A Catalog of Wonders, well, sparks flew and time stood still as I dove hopelessly into its detailed history of the printed word, the famous collections, and the men and women who assembled and guarded over them until the collections were broken up, destroyed, or simply forgotten.

Author Kells, as "a young academic working glumly at a social research instutite," found at a lunchtime book sale an ancient copy of Pieces of Ancient Poetry from Unpublished Manuscripts and Scarce Books, published during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I of England. The book's publisher, John Fry, preserved rare books and documents from centuries past, igniting in Kells an interest in learning more about Fry publications. 

Kells soon became a bookman himself, visiting hundreds of libraries, whether public, academic, or medieval. His explorations included modest private collections like one priceless set of books "stored in a woodshed," and one belonging to a hoarder "who cut an indoor pathway to his bathtub, where his most prized possessions were kept." Kells learned:

Every library has an atmosphere, even a spirit. Every visit to a library is an encounter with the ethereal phenomena of coherence, beauty, and taste.

In The Library, Kells shares his found treasures as well as his musings about book collections. He covers the first libraries, oral histories and song lines, all of which collected and shared the earliest cultural knowledge; the mighty Alexandria library; and Benedictine monasteries whose monks devoted their lives to gathering, copying and illustrating religious works (producing large, heavy tomes like The Devil's Bible which weighed in at 74.8 kilograms). 

Kells reveals esoteric facts like the transition from clay tablets to papyrus, to parchment, to paper, and the changes required of libraries to store these various formats. Shelves had to become shorter in length and stronger to prevent sagging, and also become more uniform in height.

There are chapters on the lost libraries which suffered their complete demises via fires, floods, looting, and general neglect. It is heart-breaking to read about the early libraries which carefully collected and preserved fragile scrolls, manuscripts, and books, only to see them destroyed and the information lost forever.

Along the way we learn from the inexhautable Kells that:

• Papyrus is a terrible material for preserving texts. Without a large and unwavering commitment to conservation and copying, a library of papyrus scrolls will readily and unceremoniously disintegrate; 

• Cuneiform was written and read left to right; Arabic right to left; Chinese top to bottom; and Ancient Greek, for a time, back and forth ("boustrophedon" or "ox-turning"), like plowing a field;

• America's major libraries were doubling en size every trwenty years from the 1870s to the 1940s, and every fifteen years after that.

• Gutenberg, although almost finished the first printing of his magnificant Bible, was sued by his financial backer for proceeding too slowly. Gutenberg lost the case, had his shop and presses confiscated, and was ruined;

• The British Museum's domed reading room has secret doors. To maintain the impression  of an unbroken series of books around the walls, the dome's pillars and access doors are painted with false book-backs;

• Schusseried Abby solved the problem of untidy and uneven volumes (and the problem of damage from light) by storing its books in cabinets whose doors are painted with idealized volumes.

• Passionate about making and sailing paper boats, the poet Shelley could not resist turning [book] fly leaves -- along with letters, newspapers, and banknotes -- into little ships.

• [In 1968 at Northwestern University] a domino effect toppled twenty-seven ranges, spilling 264,000 volumes, splintering solid oad chairs, flattening steel footstools, shearing books in hald, destroying or damaging more than 8,000 volumes;

• A professor...from Ohio State University, stole pages from a fourteenth-century manuscript in the Vatican Library. The manuscript had once belonge to Petrarch.

I passed many an hour pouring over interesting chapters on "Vandals," "Book Machines," "Fantasy Libraries," "The Folger Shakespeare Library," "The Best and Worst Librarians in History," "Libraries for the Future," and "Death" (about people who died in their libraries). 

So you see there is plenty to nerd out about in Kells' wonderful book. If you are into books, collections, and the people who create (and destroy) them, then The Library is the ultimate book for you.

[If this book interests you, be sure to check out:]

 Conaway, James. America's Library: The Story of the Library of Congress 1800-2000.

History of one of the greatest libraries of the current age, The United State Library of Congress. (Previously reviewed here.)

 Happy reading.

Fred

Click here to browse over 470 more book recommendations by subject or title (and read the introduction to The First Sentence Reader).